深海卷管铺设中的管道安全性分析

深海卷管铺设过程中管道发生了复杂的塑性变形,可能造成管道的失效,因此需要对管道的安全性进行评估。为此,首先对卷管铺设整个过程中管道的受力变形情况进行了分析,发现管道在上卷至卷筒时最易发生失效。其次对上卷时管道可能发生的失效形式进行了归纳和分析,获得了管道在各种失效形式下的极限承载公式。然后基于位移控制条件,得到了管道的极限弯曲半径,并结合极限承载公式,建立了管道失效的评价指标。最后以管径为16英寸（406.4 mm）的管道为实例,对管道的安全性进行评估,并采用有限元软件对管道上卷时张力对管道椭圆度的影响进行了分析。结果表明：①较大径厚比的管道在上卷时更易于满足极限载荷承载条件,但是对管道截面变形不利,当径厚比达到20时,不满足位移控制条件,已不适用于卷管法铺设;②较高的管材等级对卷管铺设中管道安全性有利;③上卷张力对管道椭圆度的影响较小,可以忽略。     

气井稳定携液之我见

业内对于临界携液流量的认识一直都存在着分歧。以Turner、李闽为代表的液滴携液理论观点认为"当气体流速达到一定数值后,液相分散成小液滴被携带走";而以李颖川等为代表的气液两相管流实验模拟者则认为"在气井生产过程中雾状流很难出现,气井生产基本上是以段塞流为主,液滴模型无法解释气井实际排液情况"。为了还原低压低产气井实际生产状态,基于弗劳德相似准数,以流速相似原理模拟低压、低产井实际生产情况,并开展了相应的实验研究。结果表明:①低压、低产气井实际上存在"上雾+下段塞"混合流动状态;②上部雾状流携液满足液滴模型计算结果,当气相流速高于临界携液流速则上部可连续带液,否则会导致积液段液量缓慢增加;③下部表现为段塞流,当气相流速高于1.95 m/s,则表现为连续流动,气井基本无积液,当气相流速低于0.195 m/s,则表现为难以流动,气井不产液,面临水淹。实验所得结果与气井实际生产情况相当吻合,可以为气井有效开采提供技术支撑。     

基于不完备CSI的OFDMA公平资源分配算法

针对在信道状态信息不完备时,很难兼顾系统容量和公平性这一问题,通过引入公平松弛因子,提出一种公平性可调的遍历容量最大化资源分配算法。为了降低计算复杂度,在利用对偶优化方法求解拉格朗日算子过程中,提出同层循环迭代的搜索方式以代替传统的内外层循环迭代方式。通过仿真和分析表明,该算法在满足公平性的同时实现了遍历容量最大化,且计算复杂度明显降低。     

一种评价油水井生产能力的新方法及其应用研究

准确认识和评价油水井生产能力,是油田进行合理配产配注和开发调整的基本依据。在综合分析油水井基本产能公式和实际生产动态变化的基础上,建立了累积产液量、注入量与生产压差积分的关系,并用综合产液指数、综合吸水指数,来反映油水井的实际生产能力;而在实际生产过程中,开采条件变化产生的影响可以直观地反映在不同阶段油水井的生产能力变化上,通过计算不同阶段的综合产液指数、综合吸水指数,可以准确分析和评价不同开发阶段、不同条件下,油水井综合生产能力和变化趋势。实例应用表明,利用本文建立的方法,计算过程简捷、分析结果准确,可以为油藏开发调整和油井措施的实施奠定基础。     

烟酸姜黄素酯对低剪切应力诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的影响及相关机制

目的: 探讨烟酸姜黄素酯（curcumin nicotinate,CN）对低剪切应力（low shear stress, LSS）诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs）凋亡的影响及机制研究。方法: 运用平行平板流动腔建立LSS诱导的HUVECs凋亡模型。采用Hoechst33258荧光染色,流式细胞术检测CN对LSS诱导的HUVECs凋亡的影响。Western blot检测CN对LSS诱导的HUVECs中前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9（proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9,PCSK9）蛋白表达的影响。结果:Hoechst33258荧光染色结果显示,与静态培养组比较,LSS组（3 dyne/cm2,12 h）内呈现凋亡状态的HUVECs明显增多。与LSS组比较,各CN+LSS组内呈现凋亡状态的HUVECs明显减少,并且呈现浓度依赖性。其中以20 μmol/L CN+LSS组凋亡细胞数最少;流式细胞术结果显示,与静态培养组比较,LSS组HUVECs凋亡率明显增加,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）;与LSS组比较,各CN+LSS组HUVECs凋亡率明显减少,并且呈现浓度依赖性,其中以20 μmol/L CN+LSS组HUVECs凋亡率减少最为明显,差异具有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）。Western blot结果显示与静态培养组比较,LSS组内PCSK9蛋白表达显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);与LSS组比较,CN+LSS组内PCSK9蛋白表达下降,并且呈现浓度依赖性,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中以20 μmol/L CN+LSS组PCSK9蛋白表达下降最为明显(P<0.01)。结论: CN能够抑制LSS诱导的HUVECs凋亡,其作用机制与CN下调LSS处理的HUVECs中PCSK9蛋白表达相关。     

Exploring Plastic Deformation Mechanism of Multilayered Cu/Ti Composites by Using Molecular Dynamics ModelingEI北大核心CSCD

Multilayered metallic composites have attracted great interest because of their excellent characteristics. In recent years, the mechanical behavior of Cu/Ti composites is described in terms of macroscopic or mesoscopic scales, but the micromechanism regarding dislocation slip, twinning and shear banding at heterogeneous interfaces remains unclear. In this work, the molecular dynamics method is used to study the uniaxial tensile and plane strain compression deformation of the Cu/Ti multilayered composites with characteristic initial crystal orientations. The simulation results show that under the tensile load, dislocations are preferentially nucleated at the heterogeneous interface between Cu and Ti, and then slip along {111} plane within the Cu layers. The corresponding mechanism is confined layer slip. With the multiplication of dislocations, dislocations interact with each other, and intrinsic stacking faults and deformation twins are formed in Cu layers. However, no dislocation slip or twinning is activated within the Ti layers at this stage of deformation. As the load increases, the stress concentration at the Cu/Ti interface leads to the fracture of the composites. For the composites under plane strain compression, the stress concentration at the Cu/Ti interface triggers the formation of shear bands in the Ti layer, and there are only very limited dislocations within the shear bands and their adjacent area. With the increase of applied strain, the common action of various deformation mechanisms causes the grains to rotate, and the disorder degree of complex atoms increases. In addition, the micro-plastic deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of Cu/Ti complex with different initial orientations and strain rates are significantly different. The results reveal the microscopic deformation mechanism of the laminated composites containing hcp metals.     

Friction stir welding of aircraft wings

ABSTRACT

To reduce the weight of the wings of the TU-204SM aircraft, investigations were carried out to design the upper wing panel made of the V-1469 high-strength aluminium–lithium alloy of the third generation. The technology of friction stir welding was developed and fragments of the welded panel produced. The tests of the stability under compression showed that the application of the welded panels reduces the weight of the wing by up to ~10% and increases the stability and load carrying capacity by up to ~30%.     

温度和厚度对纳米金刚石涂层残余应力的影响

目的通过改善液相等离子喷涂制备纳米金刚石涂层的工艺参数,提高纳米金刚石涂层的显微硬度与结合强度。方法利用Ansys有限元软件对纳米金刚石涂层中的残余应力进行数值模拟。建立纳米金刚石涂层的有限元分析模型与热传导方程,探讨了涂层的厚度与降温速度对纳米金刚石涂层残余应力的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜对制备的纳米金刚石涂层表面进行分析,并且利用显微硬度计和表面划痕仪测定纳米金刚石涂层的显微硬度和结合强度。结果纳米金刚石涂层的主应力为拉应力,涂层的最大主应力随着厚度的增大而具有先增大、后减小、再增加的特点。随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层的最大剪应力由涂层表面转移到涂层界面,其值先减少,后保持稳定。涂层整体、涂层界面和涂层表面的最大主应力与最大剪应力,随涂层温度的升高而呈线性递减的趋势。纳米金刚石涂层的主应力集中在涂层的四周,而涂层的剪应力分布在涂层表面。纳米金刚石涂层表面较光滑,由大量纳米级的细小扁平颗粒紧密排布而形成。结论采用适当的工艺参数制备出厚度为0.1 mm的纳米金刚石涂层,其显微硬度和结合强度分别约为150HV和9 N。     

Polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacity in pulp and peel of apricot fruits of various varieties and maturity stages at harvest

Polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacities of peel and pulp tissues of six apricot varieties were determined. Variations in polyphenol and antioxidant capacity based on variety (early‐maturing varieties and late‐maturing varieties) and harvest maturity (green mature and full mature) were assessed. The results of principal component analysis revealed that (+)‐catechin made the most important contributions to the antioxidant capacities of the pulp. As the (+)‐catechin content in ‘Dajie’ apricot decreased by 36.8% from green mature to full mature, the antioxidant capacities determined by ABTS free radical scavenging assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay decreased by 50.0%, 45.2% and 45.8%, respectively. Levels of phenolic compounds in the apricot peels were approximately 2–4 times higher than those of the pulps. Quercetin‐3‐rutinoside may be substantially responsible for the antioxidant capacities of the peels. The late‐maturing varieties tended to have higher levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacities than the early‐maturing varieties. The antioxidant capacities in green mature apricots were much higher than those of full mature apricots.     

镁质熔剂性球团矿相的多重分形谱

 球团矿相微观结构决定其冶金物理化学性能，为透视球团矿微观结构与其宏观冶金物理化学性能之间的依赖关系，需要解决的首要关键问题是矿相微观视觉特征的提取与定量表征。以镁质熔剂性球团微观矿相为研究对象，在直观分析矿相视觉特征的基础上，采用多重分形谱分析方法，提取矿相的微观多重分形谱定量表征值f（α），并分别深度挖掘由f（α）衍生出的对称度特征值Δf、谱宽特征值Δα、容量维特征值D（0）随碱度变化的迁移规律和随矿相检测位置变化的迁移规律。研究结果表明，矿相微观视觉特征在HSV颜色空间上呈现的颜色特征未在碱度变化和位置变化上存在显著差异性；矿相微观多重分形谱分析中，Δf、Δα、D（0） 3个特征值在碱度变化和位置变化上有显著的差异性，可以很好地表征碱度迁移规律和位置迁移规律。